| dc.description.abstract | Se evaluó la tolerancia a la salinidad de seis variedades mexicanas de trigo, a través de indicadores fisiológicos, bioquímicos y agronómicos, con la finalidad de recomendar las de mejor respuesta para suelos afectados por el estrés salino. La conductividad eléctrica (CEes) del suelo salino empleado en el estudio fue de 7,25 dS m-1; como control se empleó un suelo con una CE de 0,46 dS m-1, ambos son suelos agrupados como Vertisoles. Para diferenciar el grado de tolerancia varietal al estrés salino se evaluaron las variables porcentaje de germinación; altura de la planta; longitud de las raíces y acumulación de materia seca; contenido relativo de agua; transpiración; potenciales hídrico, osmótico saturado y ajuste osmótico; acumulación de prolina y rendimiento agrícola. En todas las variedades se observó una disminución significativa de los indicadores evaluados en el suelo salino, siendo la germinación y transpiración las variables más afectadas. Por efecto de la salinidad, el potencial osmótico y, en consecuencia el hídrico, disminuyeron significativamente en todas las variedades, teniendo lugar el ajuste osmótico. El contenido de prolina se incrementó significativamente en condiciones de estrés salino. El rendimiento agrícola presentó diferencias significativas entre variedades, con valores desde 4,4 a 5,4 t ha-1 en el suelo salino. La evaluación de la tolerancia a la salinidad permitió clasificar como tolerante la variedad Júpare C2001, moderadamente tolerantes las variedades Banámichi C2004 y Samayoa C2004 y susceptibles las variedades Aconchi C89, Rafi C97 y Nácori C97, recomendando tales variedades en el mismo orden cuando la CEes sea igual o menor de 7,25 dS m-1. Salinity tolerance was evaluated through physiological, biochemical and agronomical indicators in six Mexican wheat varieties cultivated under field conditions in Cuba, in order to recommend those better responding to salinity stress-affected soils. The electric conductivity (CEes) of salty soils employed in the study was 7,25 dS m-1; a soil with an electric conductivity of CE 0,46 dS m-1 was used as control, both classified as Vertisols. To differentiate varietal tolerance degree to saline stress the following variables were evaluated: germination percentage, plant height, root length and dry matter accumulation; relative water content, transpiration, osmotic adjustment, saturated osmotic and water potentials, proline accumulation and agricultural yield. In all varieties, a significant decrease of the evaluated indicators was observed, germination and transpiration being the most affected variables. Due to salinity stress, osmotic and consequently water potentials diminished in every variable whereas osmotic adjustment took place. Proline content increased significantly under saline conditions. Yield showed significant differences among varieties, with values from 4,4 to 5,4 t ha-1. Salinity tolerance evaluation allowed to classify Júpare C2001 as tolerant variety, Banámichi C2004 and Samayoa C2004 as moderately tolerant varieties, whereas Aconchi C89, Rafi C97 and Nácori C97 as susceptible varieties, recommending them in the same order where CEes≤ 7,25 dS m-1. Salinity tolerance was evaluated through physiological, biochemical and agronomical indicators in six Mexican wheat varieties cultivated under field conditions in Cuba, in order to recommend those better responding to salinity stress-affected soils. The electric conductivity (CEes) of salty soils employed in the study was 7,25 dS m-1; a soil with an electric conductivity of CE 0,46 dS m-1 was used as control, both classified as Vertisols. To differentiate varietal tolerance degree to saline stress the following variables were evaluated: germination percentage, plant height, root length and dry matter accumulation; relative water content, transpiration, osmotic adjustment, saturated osmotic and water potentials, proline accumulation and agricultural yield. In all varieties, a significant decrease of the evaluated indicators was observed, germination and transpiration being the most affected variables. Due to salinity stress, osmotic and consequently water potentials diminished in every variable whereas osmotic adjustment took place. Proline content increased significantly under saline conditions. Yield showed significant differences among varieties, with values from 4,4 to 5,4 t ha-1. Salinity tolerance evaluation allowed to classify Júpare C2001 as tolerant variety, Banámichi C2004 and Samayoa C2004 as moderately tolerant varieties, whereas Aconchi C89, Rafi C97 and Nácori C97 as susceptible varieties, recommending them in the same order where CEes≤ 7,25 dS m-1. (sic) | es_ES |
